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Migración laboral México-Estados Unidos a veinte años del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte

Labor migration US-Mexico twenty years after the North American Free Trade Agreement
[journal article]

Aragonés Castañer, Ana Maria
Salgado Nieto, Uberto

Abstract

El fenómeno de la migración internacional de trabajadores está íntimamente relacionado con las desigualdades y las asimetrías del sistema capitalista y supone, además, la transferencia de plusvalía de los centros menos desarrollados hacia los polos industrializados o desarrollados. Si los países exp... view more

El fenómeno de la migración internacional de trabajadores está íntimamente relacionado con las desigualdades y las asimetrías del sistema capitalista y supone, además, la transferencia de plusvalía de los centros menos desarrollados hacia los polos industrializados o desarrollados. Si los países expulsores de migrantes se han caracterizado por aplicar políticas económicas que han ampliado los niveles de desempleo, la pauperización de las condiciones laborales, la falta de apoyo al campo y el incremento del trabajo informal, en los países receptores los migrantes tienen una funcionalidad que se expresa en la diferencia existente entre el costo laboral unitario de los migrantes respecto de los trabajadores nativos. En este marco, el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (1994) produjo una mayor subordinación económica de México hacia Estados Unidos y un crecimiento extraordinario de los flujos migratorios, en particular de la migración indocumentada, para los que no hubo ninguna protección ni cobertura legal.... view less


International migration of workers is closely related to inequalities and asymmetries of the capitalist system and also involves the transfer of surplus value from less developed to industrialized or developed poles. Migrant-sending countries have been characterized by implementing economic policie... view more

International migration of workers is closely related to inequalities and asymmetries of the capitalist system and also involves the transfer of surplus value from less developed to industrialized or developed poles. Migrant-sending countries have been characterized by implementing economic policies that have increased levels of unemployment, impoverished working conditions, devoid agriculture of support, and increased informality. Meanwhile, in the receiving countries, migrants are functional, as expressed in the difference of the individual cost of labor between migrants and native workers. In this context, the conditions signed under the North American Free Trade Agreement have produced greater economic subordination to the United States, and an extraordinary increase in migration flows, especially of the so-called undocumented migrants, with no legal protection or coverage.... view less

Classification
Migration, Sociology of Migration
Labor Market Policy

Free Keywords
North American Free Trade Agreement; undocumented migration; labor market; skilled migration

Document language
Spanish

Publication Year
2015

Page/Pages
p. 279-313

Journal
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 60 (2015) 224

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0185-1918(15)30011-8

ISSN
2448-492X

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0


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