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Revisitando a política nuclear dos governos de Richard Nixon e de Gerald Ford (1969-1977)

Reassessing the Nuclear Policies of the Nixon and Ford administrations (1969-1977)
[journal article]

Bandarra, Leonardo Carvalho Leite Azeredo

Abstract

Este artigo examina a política nuclear das administrações de Richard Nixon e Gerald Ford, por meio da análise de fontes primárias e secundárias sobre principais fatores internacionais e domésticos que as influenciaram. Argumenta-se que as diretrizes de longo prazo da política nuclear americana foram... view more

Este artigo examina a política nuclear das administrações de Richard Nixon e Gerald Ford, por meio da análise de fontes primárias e secundárias sobre principais fatores internacionais e domésticos que as influenciaram. Argumenta-se que as diretrizes de longo prazo da política nuclear americana foram desenvolvidas nesse período, entre 1969 e 1977. Essas diretrizes podem ser divididas em três pontos principais. O primeiro é a plurilateralização do regime de não-proliferação nuclear e restrição do fornecimento de tecnologia de dual. Isso significou encontrar alternativas para instituições multilaterais existentes, por meio de negociações bilaterais de desarmamento com a URSS e por meio da criação de arranjos plurilaterais, como o GSN. O segundo ponto foi o compartilhamento da gestão da ordem internacional com poderes regionais, de modo a criar equilíbrio de poder favorável aos EUA. A última diretriz foi o aumento da competitividade das empresas americanas via privatização do setor nuclear. Este último ponto foi viabilizado na administração da Ford, dado o fracasso da iniciativa inicial de Nixon, e levou à consolidação de estrutura burocrática capaz de evitar mudanças drásticas na política de seguridade nuclear.... view less


This article addresses the nuclear policy of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford administrations, through the analysis of secondary and primary documents on the major international and domestic factors that influenced it. It argues that the long-term guidelines of the American nuclear policy were, in fact... view more

This article addresses the nuclear policy of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford administrations, through the analysis of secondary and primary documents on the major international and domestic factors that influenced it. It argues that the long-term guidelines of the American nuclear policy were, in fact, developed in this period, between 1969 and 1977. Those guidelines are divided into three main points. The first was plurilateralising the nuclear non-proliferation regime and restricting the supply of dual-use technology. This meant finding alternatives to multilateral institutions through bilateral disarmament negotiations with the URSS, and through the creation of plurilateral arrangements, such as the NSG. The second point was sharing the control over the world order with regional powers, to create a balance of power favourable to the US. The last guideline was increasing the competitiveness of American companies through the privatisation of the nuclear sector. This last point was made feasible by the Ford administration, after the failure of Nixon's legislation, and led to the establishment of a strong bureaucratic structure, capable of blocking drastic shifts in nuclear safety policy.... view less

Keywords
foreign policy; arms control; disarmament; United States of America; government policy; security policy; defense policy; weapon of mass destruction; deterrence; nuclear weapon

Classification
Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy
International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy

Free Keywords
Nixon, Richard Milhous; Ford, Gerald R.; Nonproliferation nuklearer Waffen; Kissinger, Henry

Document language
Portuguese

Publication Year
2018

Page/Pages
p. 28-42

Journal
Conjuntura Austral: journal of the global south, 9 (2018) 45

DOI
https://doi.org/10.22456/2178-8839.72117

ISSN
2178-8839

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0


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© 2007 - 2025 Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR).
Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.