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@article{ Bulle2017, title = {Educating "Modern Mind" in the Light of the Evolution of Western Educational Thought}, author = {Bulle, Nathalie}, journal = {Historical Social Research}, number = {4}, pages = {253-279}, volume = {42}, year = {2017}, issn = {0172-6404}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.42.2017.4.253-279}, urn = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-55301-3}, abstract = {My thesis is that liberal and progressive education models respectively refer to dual and unitary conceptions of intellectual development, and that these differences account for their pedagogical antagonisms. I test the validity of this argument by using it to account for the evolution of Western pedagogy and the fate of liberal and progressive education. I introduce the dualist epistemological premises of the major educational models that have followed one after the other in the history of Western education. Then, I account for the impact of classical empiricism, and later evolutionary doctrines, on the discredit of liberal education and the emergence of educational progressivism. Progressive educational conceptions are rooted in a representation of humankind developed under the influence of the Darwinian revolution. They justify an adaptive model of the mind within the framework of a functionalist psychology. According to alternative currents of modern educational thought, the use of auxiliary means of thought marks a rupture with human biological development. These currents underpin a dual conception of human reason according to which rational or theoretical understanding is a sui generis dimension of thought. They offer support for a modernized version of liberal education.}, keywords = {education; parenting style; kognitive Entwicklung; kognitive Fähigkeit; Western world; Erziehung; Entwicklung; development; epistemology; westliche Welt; cognitive ability; Modellvergleich; model comparison; cognitive development; experiential knowledge; Erkenntnistheorie; knowledge; Erfahrungswissen; Curriculum; Intelligenz; intelligence; Erziehungsstil; curriculum; Konzeption; conception; Wissen}}