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Open Source Projects as Incubators of Innovation: From Niche Phenomenon to Integral Part of the Software Industry

[working paper]

Schrape, Jan-Felix

Corporate Editor
Universität Stuttgart, Fak. 10 Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften, Institut für Sozialwissenschaften Abt. VI Organisations- und Innovationssoziologie

Abstract

Over the last 20 years, open source development has become an integral part of the software industry and a key component of the innovation strategies of all major IT providers. Against this backdrop, this paper seeks to develop a systematic overview of open source communities and their socio-economi... view more

Over the last 20 years, open source development has become an integral part of the software industry and a key component of the innovation strategies of all major IT providers. Against this backdrop, this paper seeks to develop a systematic overview of open source communities and their socio-economic contexts. I begin with a reconstruction of the genesis of open source software projects and their changing relation- ships to established IT companies. This is followed by the identification of four ideal-typical variants of current open source projects that differ significantly in their modes of coordination and the degree of corporate involvement. Further, I examine why open source projects have mainly lost their subversive potential while, in contrast to former cases of collective invention, remaining viable beyond the emergence of predominant solutions and their commercial exploitation: In an industry that is characterized by very short innovation cycles, open source projects have proven to be important incubators for new product lines and branch-defining infrastructures. They do not compete against classical forms of production but instead complement and expand these.... view less


In den letzten 20 Jahren ist die Open-Source-Entwicklung zu einem integralen Bestand der Softwareindustrie und zu einem zentralen Baustein der Innovationsstrategien aller großen IT-Anbieter geworden. Vor diesem Hintergrund entfaltet dieses Papier einen systematisierenden Überblick über Open-Source-C... view more

In den letzten 20 Jahren ist die Open-Source-Entwicklung zu einem integralen Bestand der Softwareindustrie und zu einem zentralen Baustein der Innovationsstrategien aller großen IT-Anbieter geworden. Vor diesem Hintergrund entfaltet dieses Papier einen systematisierenden Überblick über Open-Source-Communities und ihre sozioökonomischen Kontexte. Nach einer historischen Rekonstruktion zur Ausdifferenzierung quelloffener Softwareprojekte und ihren sich wandelnden Relationen zu etablierten Unternehmen werden vier Varianten derzeitiger Open-Source-Projekte voneinander abgegrenzt, die sich in ihren Koordinationsweisen und dem Grad ihrer Unternehmensnähe signifikant voneinander unterscheiden. Daran anknüpfend wird herausgearbeitet, aus welchen Gründen Open-Source-Projekte inzwischen ihre subversive Formatierung weitgehend verloren haben, aber im Gegensatz zu früheren Ausprägungen kollektiver Invention überlebensfähig geblieben sind: In einer durch sehr kurze Innovationszyklen geprägten Softwareindustrie haben sich quelloffene Entwicklungsvorhaben als zentrale Inkubatoren für neue Produktlinien und branchenfundamentale Infrastrukturen erwiesen. Projektförmige Arbeitsweisen in Open-Source-Gemeinschaften und eingespielte Formen ökonomischer Koordination stehen nicht in einem konkurrierenden, sondern in einem komplementären Verhältnis zueinander.... view less

Keywords
IT industry; network; virtual community; software; production; conception; work organization; cooperation; internet community; innovation

Classification
Sociology of Science, Sociology of Technology, Research on Science and Technology
Economic Sectors
Organizational Sociology

Free Keywords
open source software; peer production

Document language
English

Publication Year
2017

City
Stuttgart

Series
Research contributions to organizational sociology and innovation studies / Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Organisations- und Innovationssoziologie : SOI discussion paper, 2017-03

ISSN
2191-4990

Status
Published Version; reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution-ShareAlike


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© 2007 - 2025 Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR).
Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.