Accounting expenditures on education: Japan from the Meiji Restoration to the Second World War

Abstract

This article presents - in extension to my previous research on Europe - how the Japanese systems of educational expenditures changed and developed from the Meiji Restoration to the Second World War. The discussion is in five parts. The first part outlines the methodological problems. The institutional framework is presented in the second part. The delineation of national and local responsibility for expenditures on education is developed in the third part. The fourth part is devoted to the number of students and expenditures on education classified by schools. The last part outlines the changes in educational expenditures in relation with the national income.