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U.S. Free Trade Agreements in East Asia: Politics, Economics, and Security Policy in the Bush Administration

US-Freihandelsabkommen in Ostasien: Politik, Wirtschaft und Sicherheitspolitik der Bush-Regierung
[journal article]

Hoadley, Stephen

Abstract

The Bush Administration has initiated nearly two dozen bilateral and bi-multilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) in the past six years. These FTAs are valued as not only advancing U.S. economic interests but also serving foreign policy and security interests. Their perceived utility as new forei... view more

The Bush Administration has initiated nearly two dozen bilateral and bi-multilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) in the past six years. These FTAs are valued as not only advancing U.S. economic interests but also serving foreign policy and security interests. Their perceived utility as new foreign policy instruments emerged in the wake of the stagnation of multilateral trade liberalization deliberations in the WTO forum and was amplified by the exigencies of the U.S. war on terrorism launched in 2001. The FTA phenomenon is a manifestation of a pragmatic realist neo-mercantilist approach. U.S. FTA initiatives in Asia are driven primarily by economic interests, but this article points out that security interests are also significant. An FTA with Singapore, in which security elements were implicit alongside the explicit economic aims, was an early success. But opposition to U.S. proposals by national actors and interest groups in Thailand, Malaysia, South Korea and other potential FTA partners is substantial and progress is slow. The resulting agreements are likely to fall short of WTO-plus comprehensiveness, and may be marred by carve-outs and prolonged phase-ins. U.S. employment of FTAs in Asia is best seen as an extension of familiar policy efforts to protect or advance U.S. economic interests in a fluid political-economic arena. But these FTAs are not likely to alter the pattern of hegemony in Asia.... view less


In den letzten sechs Jahren hat die Bush-Regierung dieUnterzeichnung von annähernd zwei Dutzend bi- und multilateraler Freihandelsabkommen eingeleitet. Der Nutzen dieser Freihandelsabkommen wird in der Befriedigung US-amerikanischer Wirtschaftsinteressen und außen- und sicherheitspolitischer Inte... view more

In den letzten sechs Jahren hat die Bush-Regierung dieUnterzeichnung von annähernd zwei Dutzend bi- und multilateraler Freihandelsabkommen eingeleitet. Der Nutzen dieser Freihandelsabkommen wird in der Befriedigung US-amerikanischer Wirtschaftsinteressen und außen- und sicherheitspolitischer Interessen gesehen. Als neues außenpolitisches Instrument wurde ihr Nutzen insbesondere nach der Stagnation der multilateralen Verhandlungen unter dem Dach derWTO sowie im Rahmen des im Jahr 2001 eingeleiteten Krieges gegen den Terror erkannt. Das Phänomen der Freihandelsabkommen ist dabei Ausdruck eines pragmatischen, realistischen neo-merkantilistischen Ansatzes. In erster Linie sind Freihandelsabkommen Ausdruck wirtschaftlicher Interessen. Dieser Artikel unterstreicht jedoch auch die Relevanz sicherheitspolitischer Argumente. Die US-Freihandelspolitik ist damit eine Fortführung bekannter Politikinstrumente, US-amerikanische Wirtschaftsinteressen in Zeiten wirtschaftlicher und politischer Unsicherheit zu schützen oder voranzubringen. Das Machtgleichgewicht in Asien werden die Freihandelszonen jedoch nicht verändern.... view less

Keywords
Far East; United States of America; free trade; international agreement; security policy; Bush, G.; free trade area; multilateralism; international trade policy; WTO

Classification
International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy
Economic Policy

Document language
English

Publication Year
2007

Page/Pages
p. 51-75

Journal
Südostasien aktuell : journal of current Southeast Asian affairs, 26 (2007) 1

ISSN
0722-8821

Status
Published Version; reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works


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© 2007 - 2025 Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR).
Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.