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Governing floods and riots: insurance, risk, and racism in the postwar United States

Zur "Beherrschung" von Überschwemmungen und "Riots": Versicherung, Risiko und Rassismus in den USA
[journal article]

Lübken, Uwe

Abstract

"In the late 1960s, the United States Federal Government resorted to publically funded insurance systems to deal with two quite different problems: floods and riots. Both programs were administered by the same agency, both relied heavily on the spatial mapping of risk, and both were haunted by probl... view more

"In the late 1960s, the United States Federal Government resorted to publically funded insurance systems to deal with two quite different problems: floods and riots. Both programs were administered by the same agency, both relied heavily on the spatial mapping of risk, and both were haunted by problems of moral hazard. Curiously, and most importantly, however, riots as well as floods were viewed as 'environmental hazards' by the insurance industry and the government agencies involved. The underlying assumption was that social problems could be treated as quasi-natural hazards, i.e. as a homogeneous and unpredictable force that could be contained by actuarial means. Yet uprisings, civil commotions, and riots are not 'acts of god' that are located outside of society (and neither are floods). This article discloses the origins of both programs, it describes their communalities and differences, and it reveals the views of those who were subject to racist steering practices." (author's abstract)... view less


"In den späten 1960er Jahren begegnete die US-amerikanische Bundesregierung zwei recht unterschiedlichen Problemen - Überschwemmungen und Riots - durch die Schaffung von öffentlich finanzierten Versicherungssystemen. Beide Programme wurden von derselben Behörde verwaltet, beide Programme waren geken... view more

"In den späten 1960er Jahren begegnete die US-amerikanische Bundesregierung zwei recht unterschiedlichen Problemen - Überschwemmungen und Riots - durch die Schaffung von öffentlich finanzierten Versicherungssystemen. Beide Programme wurden von derselben Behörde verwaltet, beide Programme waren gekennzeichnet durch die Kartierung von Risiken, und beide Programme litten unter dem Problem des 'moral hazard'. Die interessanteste Gemeinsamkeit bestand jedoch darin, dass sowohl Überschwemmungen wie auch riots von den Versicherungsgesellschaften und staatlichen Institutionen als 'Umweltrisiken' behandelt wurden. Die implizite Annahme war dabei, dass soziale Probleme als quasi-natürliche Gefahren, d.h. als eine homogene und unberechenbare Gewalt betrachtet werden konnten, die man aber durch die Anwendung von Versicherungstechniken wieder in den Griff bekam. Aufstände, Unruhen, Revolten, etc., sind jedoch nicht das Ergebnis 'höherer Gewalt' (ebenso wenig wie Überschwemmungen) und damit auch nicht außerhalb der Gesellschaft zu verorten. Dieser Artikel erklärt die historischen Ursprünge beider Programme, er beschreibt deren Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede, und er gibt die Sichtweisen derjenigen wieder, die sich rassistischen Regulierungspraktiken ausgesetzt sahen." (Autorenreferat)... view less

Keywords
North America; racism; resistance; revolution; United States of America; social problem; risk; human security; insurance; comparison; natural disaster; environment; historical development; coping

Classification
Social History, Historical Social Research
Economic Sectors

Method
historical

Document language
English

Publication Year
2010

Page/Pages
p. 275-288

Journal
Historical Social Research, 35 (2010) 4

Issue topic
Die Produktion von Human Security in Vormoderne und Zeitgeschichte

DOI
https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.35.2010.4.275-288

ISSN
0172-6404

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0


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© 2007 - 2025 Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR).
Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.