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Wer sind die Dyula? Ethnizität und Bürgerkrieg in der Côte d'Ivoire

Ethnicity and civil war in Cote d'Ivoire
[journal article]

Werthmann, Katja

Abstract

Die Ursachen des seit 2002 andauernden Bürgerkriegs in der Côte d'Ivoire sind komplex und lassen sich bis in die Kolonialzeit zurückverfolgen. Eine konstruierte Konfliktlinie verläuft zwischen 'Nordlern' und 'Südlern' bzw. zwischen Muslimen und Christen. Das Ethnonym 'Dioula' wird gleichbedeutend mi... view more

Die Ursachen des seit 2002 andauernden Bürgerkriegs in der Côte d'Ivoire sind komplex und lassen sich bis in die Kolonialzeit zurückverfolgen. Eine konstruierte Konfliktlinie verläuft zwischen 'Nordlern' und 'Südlern' bzw. zwischen Muslimen und Christen. Das Ethnonym 'Dioula' wird gleichbedeutend mit 'Muslim' und 'Nordler' verwendet. Viele 'Dioula' werden überdies verdächtigt, keine 'echten' Ivorer zu sein, sondern Migranten aus den Nachbarländern Mali, Burkina Faso oder Guinea. Der Hintergrund dieser Verdächtigungen ist die nationalistische Ideologie der 'Ivoirité', die 1995 geschaffen wurde. Auf der Grundlage dieser Ideologie werden bestimmte Bevölkerungsgruppen von Landbesitz und politischer Partizipation ausgeschlossen. Diese Exklusionspolitik trifft jedoch nicht nur rezente Immigranten, sondern auch Bevölkerungsgruppen, die seit Jahrhunderten im heutigen Norden der Côte d'Ivoire ansässig sind.... view less


The roots of the civil war in Côte d'Ivoire since 2002 are complex and can be traced back to the colonial period. The conflict runs along a constructed line between 'northerners' and 'southerners', or between Muslims and Christians, respectively. The ethnonym 'Dioula' is used synonymously for 'Musli... view more

The roots of the civil war in Côte d'Ivoire since 2002 are complex and can be traced back to the colonial period. The conflict runs along a constructed line between 'northerners' and 'southerners', or between Muslims and Christians, respectively. The ethnonym 'Dioula' is used synonymously for 'Muslim' and 'northerner'. Moreover, many 'Dioula' are suspected of not being 'true' Ivorians but migrants from the neighbouring countries Mali, Burkina Faso, or Guinea. The background for these allegations is the nationalist ideology of 'ivoirité' (ivorian-ness) that was created in 1995. On the basis of this ideology, specific populations are excluded from political participation and landownership. These politics of exclusion do not only affect recent immigrants but also groups who have resided in present-day northern Côte d'Ivoire for centuries.... view less

Keywords
discrimination; ethnicity; civil war; Africa; nationalism; Ivory Coast; exclusion; ethnic conflict; ideology

Classification
Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture
Migration, Sociology of Migration
Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy

Free Keywords
Civil War; Africa; Colonialism; Muslims; Christianity; Immigrants; Nationalism; Xenophobia; Ideologies

Publication Year
2005

Page/Pages
p. 221-240

Journal
Afrika Spectrum, 40 (2005) 2

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works


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