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The Gendered Discourses of Illiberal Demographic Policy in Poland and in Russia
[journal article]
Abstract Despite being dissimilar cases, both Poland and Russia exhibit strong anti-liberal and democratic backsliding tendencies. Concomitantly, politicians are spreading a demographic moral panic, employing the argument that both nations are in danger of demise. There is scaremongering concerning below-rep... view more
Despite being dissimilar cases, both Poland and Russia exhibit strong anti-liberal and democratic backsliding tendencies. Concomitantly, politicians are spreading a demographic moral panic, employing the argument that both nations are in danger of demise. There is scaremongering concerning below-replacement population growth rates and, in parallel, a tightening grasp on reproductive health rights and a growing fear of non-binary gender identities, people of color, and homosexuality. The political anti-gender mobilization in Poland in the 2010s and the gendered anti-Western and anti-gay conspiracy narratives in Russia are examples of this phenomenon. How are the policy responses to "demographic crises" constructed and gendered in political discourses today? What lies behind it and what is its role in illiberal politics? In this article, I discuss the current demographic discourses in Poland and in Russia. I argue that the politics of rallying against "demographic crises" surfaced on the wave of growing dominance of ultraconservative and nationalist discourses in East-Central Europe in response to perceived socio-economic pressures. I demonstrate how Polish and Russian politicians have been utilizing nativism, familialism, and "tradition" discourses for reasons of political legitimacy and expediency. Looking at political debates and concrete demographic strategies, I trace how the rhetoric of "democratic crises" is deployed to shore up illiberalism in both countries.... view less
Keywords
Poland; Russia; gender; discourse; conservatism; nationalism
Classification
Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture
Women's Studies, Feminist Studies, Gender Studies
Free Keywords
demographic policy; illiberalism
Document language
English
Publication Year
2022
Page/Pages
p. 49-60
Journal
Politics and Governance, 10 (2022) 4
Issue topic
Gender and Illiberalism in Post-Communist Europe
ISSN
2183-2463
Status
Published Version; peer reviewed