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@book{ Stolle2009,
 title = {Shifting Inequalities? Patterns of exclusion and inclusion im emerging forms of political participation},
 author = {Stolle, Dietlind and Hooghe, Marc},
 year = {2009},
 series = {Discussion Papers / Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Forschungsschwerpunkt Bildung, Arbeit und Lebenschancen, Abteilung Ungleichheit und soziale Integration},
 pages = {31},
 volume = {2009-204},
 address = {Berlin},
 publisher = {Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH},
 urn = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-258674},
 abstract = {"Previous research has found a steady increase in the number of people involved in emerging forms of civic engagements such as Internet campaigns, protests, political consumerism, and alternative lifestyle communities. Verba et al. (1995) have established that various forms of political participation in the United States follow a pattern of structural inequality, based on income, education, gender and civic skills. The growing popularity of emerging action repertoires forces us to re-evaluate the claims of this literature. Do these patterns of inequality persist for the emerging action repertoires across advanced industrialized democracies, or are they becoming even stronger, as Theda Skocpol (2003, 2004) argues? The results of this cross-national analysis with longitudinal comparisons suggest that gender inequalities in emerging political action repertoires have substantially declined since the 1970s, whereas other forms of inequality have persisted. However, contrary to the more pessimistic claims about a 'participation paradox', there is no evidence that inequality based on socio-economic status has substantially increased since the 1970s." (author's abstract)},
 keywords = {research; bürgerschaftliches Engagement; civil society; Politik; education; political movement; Internet; Demokratie; social integration; Geschlecht; Europa; social relations; soziale Differenzierung; social inequality; inclusion; United States of America; politische Partizipation; soziale Beziehungen; Bildung; Inklusion; politische Aktivität; gender; Europe; income; soziale Integration; political activity; USA; democracy; political participation; social differentiation; exclusion; Einkommen; politische Bewegung; Exklusion; Internet; politics; Zivilgesellschaft; Forschung; citizens' involvement; soziale Ungleichheit}}