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Was denken Studierende der Psychologie über das Gehirn-Bewusstsein-Problem, über Willensfreiheit, Transzendenz, und den Einfluss philosophischer Vorentscheidungen auf die Berufspraxis?

Psychology students' assumptions about human nature, mind-body problem, free will, transcendence, and implications of philosophical concepts on professional issues
[journal article]

Fahrenberg, Jochen

Abstract

Assumptions about human nature engage the domain of philosophy as a long established matter of discourse. In contrast, comparatively little is known about such assumptions from the view point of differential psychology. A 64-item questionnaire was developed, comprising items, rating scales, and tril... view more

Assumptions about human nature engage the domain of philosophy as a long established matter of discourse. In contrast, comparatively little is known about such assumptions from the view point of differential psychology. A 64-item questionnaire was developed, comprising items, rating scales, and trilemmata, including topics such as brain and consciousness (mind-body), free will, assumptions on evolution or creation of mankind, concepts of god, theodicy, meaning of life. Data were gathered from students at seven German (West and East) universities. The majority of participants (n = 563) were psychology students, and 233 (primarily at the University of Freiburg) were students from other faculties. Assumptions about human nature were evaluated according to concepts of monism-dualism-complementary, atheism-agnosticism-deism-theism, attitude toward transcendence-immanence, and the self-ratings of religiosity and interest in meaning of life. Findings depict a manifold of belief systems, however, there was little difference among psychology students relating to gender, first or second year. Students from psychology, philosophy, and natural sciences showed similar profiles. The majority of participants were convinced that philosophical preconceptions on mind-body and free will could have important practical implications for the way in which psychotherapists, physicians, or judges exercise their profession.... view less


Die Antworten auf die Frage "Was ist der Mensch" gehören in die Philosophische Anthropologie und als empirisch zu untersuchende Überzeugungen in die Differentielle Psychologie. Solche Untersuchungen fehlen bisher. Der hier entwickelte Fragebogen enthält 64 Fragen, Skalen und Trilemmata unter anderem... view more

Die Antworten auf die Frage "Was ist der Mensch" gehören in die Philosophische Anthropologie und als empirisch zu untersuchende Überzeugungen in die Differentielle Psychologie. Solche Untersuchungen fehlen bisher. Der hier entwickelte Fragebogen enthält 64 Fragen, Skalen und Trilemmata unter anderem zu den Themen Gehirn und Bewusstsein, Willensfreiheit, Schöpfung und Evolution, Gottes-Glauben, Theodizee-Problem, Sinnfragen des Lebens. An sieben Universitäten in West- und Ost-Deutschland wurden 563 Studierende der Psychologie und - primär in Freiburg - 233 Studierende anderer Fächer erfasst. Das Menschenbild der Studierenden wurde nach ausgewählten theoretischen Konzepten beschrieben: die Grundüberzeugungen hinsichtlich Monismus-Dualismus-Komplementarität, Atheismus-Agnostizismus-Deismus-Theismus, Einstellung zu Transzendenz-Immanenz, Selbsteinstufungen der Religiosität und des Interesses an Sinnfragen. Die Ergebnisse ließen eine Vielfalt von Überzeugungen erkennen, jedoch nur wenige Unterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen oder zwischen ersten und mittleren Semestern. Die Studierenden verschiedener Fächer (Psychologie, Philosophie, Naturwissenschaften) hatten ähnliche Überzeugungen. Die meisten Befragten waren überzeugt, dass solche philosophischen Auffassungen Konsequenzen für die Berufspraxis von Psychotherapeuten, Ärzten und Richtern haben.... view less

Keywords
brain; decision-making process; student; attitude formation; decision; anthropology; Weltanschauung; consciousness; human being; attitude; sense; image of man; psychology

Classification
Social Psychology
Personality Psychology
Developmental Psychology

Method
empirical; quantitative empirical

Free Keywords
Germany, 3120 Personality Traits & Processes, Begriffe, 1010 empirical study, university students' concepts of philosophical topics, human nature & mind-body problem & free will & transcendence, assumed implications for professional issues & later professional practice, 563 psychology students & 233 students of other faculties

Document language
German

Publication Year
2006

Page/Pages
p. 302-330

Journal
Journal für Psychologie, 14 (2006) 3-4

Status
Published Version; reviewed

Licence
Deposit Licence - No Redistribution, No Modifications


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© 2007 - 2025 Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR).
Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.