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@article{ Teirlinck2008,
 title = {The spatial organisation of innovation:  open innovation, external knowledge relations and urban structure},
 author = {Teirlinck, Peter and Spithoven, André},
 journal = {Regional Studies},
 number = {5},
 pages = {689-704},
 volume = {42},
 year = {2008},
 doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400701543694},
 urn = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-133437},
 abstract = {The increased use of external knowledge relations, complementary to in-house R&D, influences the way firms are organised to manage innovation. The 'new' imperative of open innovation promotes the idea that firms organise innovation, to a greater extent, in interaction with outside parties. This paper argues that both the organisation of innovation as well as the use of external knowledge depends on the physical, socio-economic and cultural environment. The outcome of the analysis supports the idea that (open) innovation is spatially organised. Contrary to the expectations, innovative firms in less urbanised areas show a higher degree of openness.},
}