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Teilzeitarbeit für alle? Eine Untersuchung von Teilzeitpräferenzen in Deutschland und Großbritannien unter beschäftigungspolitischen Gesichtspunkten

Part-time work for everyone? A study of part-time preferences in Germany and Great Britain from employment policy aspects
[working paper]

Bothfeld, Silke

Corporate Editor
Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH

Abstract

In dieser Arbeit wird die vereinfachte Dichotomie von "freiwilliger" bzw."unfreiwilliger" Teilzeitarbeit kritisch beleuchtet und gefragt, unter welchen Bedingungen Arbeitnehmer/innen Präferenzen für eine Teilzeitbeschäftigung ausbilden. Dabei wird die These vertreten, daß die Ausbildung einer Präfer... view more

In dieser Arbeit wird die vereinfachte Dichotomie von "freiwilliger" bzw."unfreiwilliger" Teilzeitarbeit kritisch beleuchtet und gefragt, unter welchen Bedingungen Arbeitnehmer/innen Präferenzen für eine Teilzeitbeschäftigung ausbilden. Dabei wird die These vertreten, daß die Ausbildung einer Präferenz für Teilzeitarbeit nur zum Teil mit Hilfe der Annahme nutzenmaximierenden Verhaltens zu erklären ist und daß die "freie Entscheidung" in der Regel durch institutionalisierte "constraints" begrenzt ist. Die empirische Grundlage dieser Untersuchung bildet der Vergleich der Teilzeitbeschäftigten in Deutschland und Großbritannien. Auf der Basis des Sozio-ökonomischen Panels für Deutschland und des britischen Haushaltspanels wird gezeigt, daß in beiden Ländern Idealtypen von Teilzeitbeschäftigten auszumachen sind, die sich als "traditionelle", "postmoderne" und "funktionale" Teilzeitbeschäftigte unterscheiden lassen. Die Gruppe der "postmodernen" Teilzeitbeschäftigten, die ihre Entscheidung unter minimalen Handlungszwängen treffen, erweist sich in beiden Ländern überraschenderweise als verschwindend klein, während die Gruppe der "traditionellen" Teilzeitbeschäftigten erwartungsgemäß stark dominiert. Die Ergebnisse werden abschließend im Hinblick auf eine Beschäftigungspolitik diskutiert, die nicht nur Effizienz-, sondern auch Egalitätsansprüchen genügen muß, wenn sie die Marginalisierung von Teilzeitbeschäftigten verhindern und Teilzeitarbeit als eine Form der Erwerbstätigkeit für alle fördern soll. (HH)... view less


"A reduction of working time and an extension of part-time work has been recommended by political actors and researchers as a part of employment policy on the national as well as on the EU-level. However, during the 1990s this growth was somewhat limited, concentrated in a few sectors and profession... view more

"A reduction of working time and an extension of part-time work has been recommended by political actors and researchers as a part of employment policy on the national as well as on the EU-level. However, during the 1990s this growth was somewhat limited, concentrated in a few sectors and professions, and remained a female preserve. This paper sets out to examine: How can policy promote a redistribution of work and where are the limits of this strategy? This paper concentrates on the decisionmaking process of employees: who is ready to work part time and under which conditions? The paper critically examines the concept of 'voluntary part-timers' and explores the conditions under which employees preferences for part-time work are formed. The research examines the potential leverage offered by theoretical approaches within Rational Choice Theory. Although this appears to offer the potential of individual decision-making process in relation to economic factors, the approach is found wanting. It is argued that the implicit assumption of rationality in this theory needs to be embedded in the socio-economic or socio-cultural context which is structured by institutions. The underlying hypothesis in the argument is that the forming of preferences may only partly be explained by the assumption of utilitymaximising behaviour. A 'free decision' in this specific field is in most cases constrained by institutional factors. Subsequently part-time preferences usually may not be interpreted at face values as a proof of a 'voluntary' choice by employees but as a result of adapting to a specific socio-economic or socio-cultural context. The empirical part of the paper consists of a comparison of part-time employees in Germany and Great Britain using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and the British Household Panel. As it is argued in the theoretical part of the paper, the amount of typical 'post-modem' part-time employees is very small (i.e. those who make their decisions without significant caring constraints). Whereas those who may be described as 'traditional' part-timers (i.e. married women with full-time working spouses) represent the large majority of part-timers in both countries. Finally, it is argued that employment policy should be measured not only on 'efficiency' criteria but also on an equality criteria especially if a further marginalisation of part-timers is to be avoided and if part-time work is to become a real alternative for all employees over the working life cycle." (author's abstract)... view less

Keywords
international comparison; part-time work; preference; action theory; Federal Republic of Germany; employment policy; Great Britain; labor market policy; political strategy; part-time worker

Classification
Labor Market Research
Labor Market Policy

Method
theory application; applied research; empirical; quantitative empirical

Document language
German

Publication Year
1997

City
Berlin

Page/Pages
112 p.

Series
Discussion Papers / Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Forschungsschwerpunkt Arbeitsmarkt und Beschäftigung, Abteilung Arbeitsmarktpolitik und Beschäftigung, 97-205

Licence
Deposit Licence - No Redistribution, No Modifications

Data providerThis metadata entry was indexed by the Special Subject Collection Social Sciences, USB Cologne


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© 2007 - 2025 Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR).
Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.