Introducing the I-SEE-DE-12: A Not-So-Brief Abbreviated Version of the German Inventory for Self-efficacy and Externality

Abstract

Control as a core self-evaluation is crucial for processes of action, learning, development, adaptation, and well-being. There is a high demand for short questionnaires suitable for panels, especially during times of crisis. However, one- or two-dimensional measures may obscure the complexity of this construct, particularly from a transcultural perspective. Krampen (1991) developed the German Inventory for Self-efficacy and Externality (I-SEE), comprising 32 items and four primary scales (self-concept of ability, internality, powerful others, and chance) within internal and external domains. This paper introduces and evaluates an abbreviated 12-item version. In two independent samples, the I-SEE-DE-12 demonstrated sufficient internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and adequate construct reliability. Information on convergent and discriminant validity is presented, confirming its correspondence with the longer version. The original factor structure was replicated up to the level of secondary factors. A single-factor model did not fit adequately in the German representative reference sample, further confirming the distinctiveness of four control aspects in two independent control belief domains. Implications for transcultural advancements of the measure and limitations of the current version are discussed.