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Demographie und Sozialstrukturforschung: Überlegungen zu einem Vergleich zwischen amerikanischer und deutscher Sozialdemographie 1930-1960

Demography and research on social structures: reflections on a comparison between American and German social demography from 1930 to 1960
[journal article]

Gutberger, Hansjörg

Abstract

'Sozialdemographische Untersuchungen gab es seit den 1930er Jahren nicht nur in den angelsächsischen Ländern, sondern auch im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland. Unabhängig von der Beantwortung der Frage, ob die deutschen Untersuchungen für die NS-Bevölkerungspolitik unmittelbar relevant wurden, ma... view more

'Sozialdemographische Untersuchungen gab es seit den 1930er Jahren nicht nur in den angelsächsischen Ländern, sondern auch im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland. Unabhängig von der Beantwortung der Frage, ob die deutschen Untersuchungen für die NS-Bevölkerungspolitik unmittelbar relevant wurden, macht ein Vergleich zwischen den deutschen Untersuchungen und den Arbeiten in den USA Sinn. Die Eugenikdiskurse in beiden Ländern zeichneten sich durch eine große Argumentationsvielfalt aus - darunter auch spezifisch soziologische Zugangsweisen. Nicht Individuen, sondern Gruppen (in den USA auch: Berufsklassen) und soziale Lagen gerieten als abhängige/ unabhängige Variablen in den Blick beider Sozialdemographien. Dem Autor erscheint bei einem Vergleich gerade die Methodenentwicklung in den beiden Ländern beachtenswert. Er schlägt vor, die methodische Verarbeitung von 'sozialer Ungleichheit/ sozialer Mobilität' in den demographischen Disziplinen zum Ankerpunkt eines wissenschaftshistorischen Vergleichs zu machen. Und er benennt die Gründe, die für diesen Zugang sprechen: darunter die Übernahme einer linearen Vorstellung von Statushierarchie in den empirischen Sozialwissenschaften und die Fokussierung auf den 'Beruf' als soziales Klassifikationsmerkmal.' (Autorenreferat)... view less


'Since the 1930s, sociodemographic surveys were carried out not only in English-speaking countries, but also in National Socialist Germany. A comparison between the German surveys and the studies in the US appears useful, quite apart from finding an answer to the question whether the German surveys ... view more

'Since the 1930s, sociodemographic surveys were carried out not only in English-speaking countries, but also in National Socialist Germany. A comparison between the German surveys and the studies in the US appears useful, quite apart from finding an answer to the question whether the German surveys were of direct relevance to Nazi demographic policy. The discourses on Eugenics in both countries featured a large variety of arguments, including specifically sociological approaches. The dependent/ independent variables focused on by both sociodemographic systems were groups (and in the US also: professional classes) and social situations rather than individuals. In a comparison, the development of methods in the two countries appears to the author to be of particular significance. He proposes to make the methodological analysis of 'social inequality/ social mobility' in the demographic disciplines the focal point of any comparison referring to the history of science. Further, he presents the reasons for favouring this approach, among them the adoption of a linear idea of status hierarchy in the empirical social sciences and the focus on 'occupation' as a characteristic of social classification.' (author's abstract)... view less

Keywords
research; fertility; social situation; North America; demography; discourse; Federal Republic of Germany; Nazism; history of science; genetics; comparative research; group; United States of America; social science; science; comparison; population policy; research approach; social structure; philosophy of science; Third Reich

Classification
Social History, Historical Social Research
Population Studies, Sociology of Population

Method
historical

Document language
German

Publication Year
2006

Page/Pages
p. 155-182

Journal
Historical Social Research, 31 (2006) 4

DOI
https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.31.2006.4.155-182

ISSN
0172-6404

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0


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Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.